Good and Bad Dams

Latin America and Caribbean Region Sustainable Development Working Paper 16 Good Dams and Bad Dams: Environmental Criteria for Site Selection of Hydroelectric Projects November 2003 George Ledec Juan David Quintero The World Bank Latin America and Caribbean Region Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Department (LCSES) Latin America and the Caribbean Region Sustainable Development Working Paper No. 16 Good Dams and Bad Dams: Environmental Criteria for Site Selection of Hydroelectric Projects November 2003George Ledec Juan David Quintero The World Bank Latin America and the Caribbean Region Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Sector Management Unit George Ledec has worked with the World Bank since 1982, and is by and by Lead Ecologist for the Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Unit (LCSES) of the World Bank’s Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office. He represents considerable authority in the ecological appraisal of advance ment ventures, with specific spotlight on biodiversity and related protection oncerns. He has worked broadly with the ecological parts of dams, streets, oil and gas, backwoods the executives, and ensured zones, and is one of the principle creators of the World Bank’s Natural Habitats Policy. Dr. Ledec earned a Ph. D. in Wildland Resource Science from the University of California-Berkeley, a Masters in Public Affairs from Princeton University, and a Bachelors in Biology and Environmental Studies from Dartmouth College.Juan David Quintero joined the World Bank in 1993 and is by and by Lead Environmental Specialist for LCSES and Coordinator of the Bank’s Latin America and Caribbean Quality Assurance Team, which screens consistence with ecological and social protect approaches. He represents considerable authority in ecological appraisal of framework ventures, principally streets, hydropower, oil and gas, urban vehicle, and water flexibly and sanitation. He has gotten the Regional Award from the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) for advancing upgrades in ecological effect evaluations all through Latin America.He is a structural architect with postgraduate degrees in Environmental and Sanitary Engineering. The discoveries, understandings, and ends in this record are those of the creators, and ought not be credited in any way to the World Bank, its subsidiary associations, individuals from its Board of Executive Directors, or the nations they speak to. This working paper arrangement is delivered by the Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Sector Management Unit of the Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office. Extra duplicates might be acquired from the creators or from LCSES Program Assistant Peter Brandriss ([emailâ protected] rg, or tel. 1-202-473-9379). Spread photographs (clockwise from upper left): Loksop Dam, South Africa Guavio Dam, Colombia Yacyreta Dam, Argentina/Paraguay All photographs by George Ledec ii Contents Acknowledgments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. iv Foreword †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. v Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ii Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Adverse Environmental Impacts of Hydropower Development †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Key Indicators of Likely Environmental Impacts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Overview of Environmentally Good and Bad Hydroelectric Dam Sites †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Conclusions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Tables 1. Hydroelectric Projects: Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Options 4 2. Land Area Flooded and People Displaced in Large Hydropower Projects iii 12 Acknowledgments Doug Mason (specialist) accumulated information on in excess of twenty finished Latin American hydroelectric undertakings; this data was extremely helpful in our investigation of natural and social effects, moderation measures, and site choice criteria.Several flow and previous World Bank Group staff individuals gave valuable remarks and much consolation, including Alessandro Palmieri, John Briscoe, Teresa Serra, Tony Whitten, Robert Goodland, Tor Ziegler, Warren Van Wicklin, William Partridge, Maria Clara Mejia, Kristine Ivarsdotter, Mateen Thobani, Salman, and A. J. Glauber. This paper likewise mirrors the supportive remarks gave by Dominique Egre and Gaitan Guertin (Hydro-Quebec), Jose Goldemberg (World Commission on Dams), and Paul Dulin. Dwindle Brandriss editted and set up the report for distribution. iv ForewordFew kinds of improvement ventures stimulate as much debate as hydroelectric dams. Their regularly genuine ecological harm has been abundantly reported inside the previous decade. In any case, numerous nations, in Latin America and around the world, depend upon hydroelectric dams for a significant segment of their electric force. Power stays a key element for improving the lives of needy individuals all over. In creating nations, quick urbanization and proceeded with populace development will guarantee expanded interest for electric force for a considerabl e length of time to come, even with the best of interest the board and vitality productivity measures.Energy organizers in many creating nations are along these lines prone to keep considering hydroelectric to be as a promising wellspring of sustainable electric force. This report gives significant guidance to generously diminishing the natural harm from future hydroelectric dams (regardless of whether they get World Bank Group financing) through great undertaking site determination. Despite the fact that the report’s ends are drawn basically from an audit of Latin American dams, its creative philosophy for dam site selectionâ€based on hearty natural and social measures and clear, quantitative indicatorsâ€should demonstrate valuable worldwide.The report likewise accommodatingly sums up the ecological relief alternatives for the improved activity of existing hydroelectric dams. All things considered, this report should be of significant enthusiasm to individuals intrigue d by hydroelectric dams, regardless of whether at the World Bank, other multilateral and reciprocal improvement organizations, government offices, private vitality organizations, counseling firms, ecological and different NGOs, and the scholarly community. This report is a piece of the LCR Sustainable Development Working Paper Series distributed by the Latin America and the Caribbean Region’s Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Sector Management Unit (LCSES).This arrangement tries to disperse the aftereffects of our expository and operational work, present primer discoveries, and portray â€Å"best practices† concerning major supportable improvement issues confronting the area. The discoveries, understandings, and ends communicated in these papers are completely those of the creators and ought not be credited to the World Bank, individuals from its Board of Executive Directors, or the nations they speak to. John Redwood Director Environmentally and Soc ially Sustainable Development Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank v Executive SummaryLarge dams differ impressively in their unfriendly ecological and related social effects. From an ecological stance, there are generally acceptable dams and terrible dams. While some enormous dams are generally generous, others have caused major natural harm. The seriousness of ecological effects from a hydroelectric task is to a great extent controlled by the dam site. While dams at great locales can be truly solid from a natural point of view, those proposed at awful destinations will inalienably be profoundly hazardous, regardless of whether all possible relief measures are appropriately implemented.This paper gives a straightforward, yet hearty, approach for looking at proposed hydroelectric venture locales as far as their normal negative ecological effects, and relating these to control age benefits. The paper additionally sums up the ecological alleviation alternatives for enormo us dams. In the event that appropriately executed, these alleviation measures can adequately forestall, limit, or make up for some (however not the entirety) of a hydroelectric project’s negative impacts.Nonetheless, the best

Medea Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Medea Persuasive Essay This play was the tale of the, life of Ð ¡harlotte Salmon. It gave her life from kid hood to grown-up hood and afterward her passing, and furthermore significant occasion in her short life that influenced her and thusly influenced us. The play had an emotional story line as charlotte salmon had a sensational life. In the play we saw charlotte shaping close connection ships with the characters around her but then sooner or later they were completely taken from her, initially her mom: they utilized a few entertainers to show they a wide range of moods she was in, one quiet and playing with her little girl, at that point hysterical utilizing all the levels and space on the stage attempting in vein to converse with her better half and afterward arriving at the purpose of executing her self. I feel this was an incredible method for indicating all parts of what she was thinking. This strategy was utilized again in the play when her grandma got self-destructive. This bit of theater was exceptionally allegorical, for instance the furnishings, toward the start or the play that every individual from the family had spoken to them: the dad being a closet with shut entryways, the pendulum clock that had no numbers held the granddad and the mother and grandma being chests of draws being the equivalent toward the beginning and the both wound up a similar way. The window that was utilized in the suicides and nearly for the self destruction of charlotte to me was a sort of entrance, not to the outside world as most windows seem to be, yet to existence in the wake of death. Objects speaking to something different was utilized all through the play however especially when charlotte was painting, rather than pictures she drew pictures that indicated a part of the play for example a key implied mysteries as reality of her moms passing had been secured a chest and the key covered up, some these pictures were utilized again in the play for instance when charlottes grandma kicked the bucket the image of anguish was appeared to the crowd on an a lot greater scale. As the on-screen characters decided to utilize covers they couldn't utilize outward appearance to portey feeling, so the on-screen characters had intensify their move ments, they did this very well with hand signals and the way and speed of witch the moved, the degrees of the stage were likewise utilized. They didn't only utilize the phase to proceed onward, I think by covering it in white material it demonstrated another and unadulterated part in charlotte life, when she began to paint. The lighting was utilized adequately in the play, when there was a despairing piece of the play for example at the point when her mom passed on the lighting was low, at that point in more joyful occasions was splendid like when they were on vacation. Anyway I don't thin that the lighting was an enormous piece of the impacts of the play.