The Reactions of Hoover and Roosevelt to the Great Depression Assignment

The Reactions of Hoover and Roosevelt to the Great Depression - Assignment Example The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930) however has been seen by historians and economists today though as something that actually made the problems associated with the Great Depression worse, not better. Those economists that believe that the economy can only benefit from lowering prices point to tariffs as a way of increasing prices rather than dropping them. Roosevelt, on the other hand, campaigned on a balanced budget and a promise not to intervene with the economy. However, once he was elected he went ahead and expanded some of Hoover’s programs and created some of his own. The minimum wage act and the Davis-Beacon Act (1931) meant a reduction is price flexibility which slowed the economy even further. The New Deal which was a program implemented under Roosevelt’s reign was actually two different deals. The first one which ran from 1933 – 1935 was aimed at inputting money at the top of the economy so that the people at the bottom benefitted from the trickle-down effect. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933) for example paid farmers to reduce their production. No one was actually able to explain why that would help children in the poverty end of the scale who were going without food or the countless numbers of tenants and sharecroppers who were evicted and left without a job but it did make the larger (wealthier) farmers happy. As far as helping alleviate the impact of the Depression however, it was a non-starter – consumer demand fell because of course there were fewer people with money to spend. The National Industry Recovery Act (1933) was instrumental in setting up a centralized planning scheme that would encourage businesses to set prices that would drive weaker and smaller businesses out of the marketplace completely. Again this might have benefitted larger businesses but the smaller ones were still forced to close and unemployment figures still continued to rise, meaning there was less money being spent in the economy.  

Conventional architectural theoray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conventional architectural theoray - Essay Example Beauty lies in the potential of the cogent mind to dig up prescribed conventions from the contiguous world, thereby making transparent collective mechanism of the perfect apparatus. It comes as no shocker that progressive modernists often took an aggressive stance to the communities they lived and worked in. the modernist architect’s modernist architect progressivism regularly amounted to elitism and paternalism. But as of today, architecture has become essentially sophisticated and contradictory in its very insertion of the conventional Vitruvian aspects of commodity, inflexibility, and pleasure. Presently, the needs of programs, structure, mechanical apparatus, and articulation, even in solitary buildings in plain perspectives, are diverse and conflicting in ways originally unimaginable. â€Å"Orthodox Modern architectures have tended to recognize complexity insufficiency of inconsistency.†1 Thereby in their effort to break with convention and begin all over, again, t hese architectures romanticized the primordial and basic at the expense of the varied and the compounded. Crystal Palace Joseph Paxton’s design for the Crystal Palace in London in the 1850s was both creative and avant-garde in its design. Besides being a phenomenal building to look at, the design of the Crystal Palace as well gave rise to increasing philosophical and ideological inference on the range of glass as an architectural material. Smith hence opines: â€Å"building materials in the modern are assumed significance in architectural theory that had not possessed in the past.†2 The very notion of utilizing architectural design as an ideological symbol has just presently become a motif of hypothetical assessment, although its embedded utilization as a political statement dates back as far as the art structure itself. The perceptual utilization of glass as a representation of vision permits for an elasticity of assessment that involves looking at, being stared at, a nd staring at whilst being glanced at. The Crystal Palace is regarded a symbol of the progress towards modernity, an enclosure for the exhibition of value objects that imitated Walter Benjamin’s notion of exhibitory value. On the other hand, Bentham’s Panopticon, implying that whist that buildings with the express function of permitting everyone to be seen, the Crystal Palace was instead designed so that everybody inside could view out. Nevertheless there is sense that the political functions of architecture are covert. Architecture can and must be critiqued as ideological undertones; however the mistake rests on presuming ideological intent among designers. For the Crystal Palace, it is effortless enough to view that glass functions ideologically for critics. Loews Philadelphia Hotel(PSFS Building Plan) The construction of the PSFS Building was designed as opposition to conformity for its architects, Philadelphians namely George Howe and William Lescaze. The structure is innovative in every account. An arc foundation beginning on the street level and moves up five stories above grade: a T-shaped plan surfaces, held up from the foundation, housing 32 floors of office space. The levels have perpendicular flow at the junction of the T-shape. The street level sketch, in response to the robust economy of the early 1920s and the raise of consumerism, is committed virtually nearly to retail. The curved facade attracts patrons and is welcomed